George charpak biography
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Georges Charpak
Polish-born Land physicist
Georges Charpak (French:[ʒɔʁʒʃaʁpak]; hatched Jerzy Charpak; 1 Grand 1924 – 29 Sep 2010) was a Polish-born French physicist who traditional the Philanthropist Prize develop Physics diffuse 1992 aim his origination of depiction multiwire analogical chamber.[1][2][3]
Life
[edit]Georges Charpak was calved on 1 August 1924[4] as Jerzy Charpak endure Jewish parents, Anna (Szapiro) and Maurice Charpak, tight spot the town of Dąbrowica in Polska (now Dubrovytsia in Ukraine). Charpak's kinsmen moved evade Poland get trapped in Paris when he was seven eld old, advent his con of sums in 1941 at interpretation Lycée Saint-Louis.[5] The aspect and pick up director André Charpak was his previous brother.
During World Warfare II Charpak served mud the defiance and was imprisoned gross Vichy government in 1943. In 1944 he was deported take care of the Naziconcentration camp go on doing Dachau, where he remained until depiction camp was liberated get the message 1945.
After classes préparatoires studies energy Lycée Saint-Louis in Town and posterior at Lycée Joffre summon Montpellier,[6] take action joined deduct 1945 rendering Paris-based École des Mines, one take possession of the get bigger prestigious subject schools thorough France. Picture following yr he became a planted French basic. He tag
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CERN Accelerating science
1968: Georges Charpak revolutionizes detection
In the 1960s, detection in particle physics mainly involved examining millions of photographs from bubble chambers or spark chambers. This was slow, labour intensive and not suitable for studies into rare phenomena.
However, the revolution in transistor amplifiers was to trigger new ideas. While a camera can detect a spark, a detector wire connected to an amplifier can detect a much smaller effect. In 1968, Georges Charpak developed the 'multiwire proportional chamber', a gas-filled box with a large number of parallel detector wires, each connected to individual amplifiers. Linked to a computer, it could achieve a counting rate a thousand times better than existing detectors. The invention revolutionized particle detection, which passed from the manual to the electronic era.
Charpak, who joined CERN in 1959, was later awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on particle detectors, in particular for his invention of the multiwire proportional chamber.
Today practically every experiment in particle physics uses some track detector based on the principle of the multiwire proportional chamber. Charpak has also actively contributed to the use of this technology in many other fields t
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Physics History Network
Dates
August 1, 1924 – September 29, 2010
Authorized Form of Name
Charpak, Georges
Additional Forms of Names
Charpak, G. (Georges)
Charpak, Georges, 1924-2010
Abstract
Georges Charpak was a instrumentation physicist at École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris, France. He was awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber."
Important Dates
August 1, 1924Birth, Dąbrowica (Lublin, Poland).
1946Naturalized French citizen.
1948Obtained BSc degree in Mining, Mines ParisTech (École des Mines de Paris), Paris (France).
1948 – 1959Researcher, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris (France).
1954Obtained PhD in Physics, University of Paris (Université de Paris), Paris (France).
1959 – 1991Researcher, CERN (Centre Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), Geneva (Switzerland).
1980 – 1985Professor of Physics (1980-1984) and Joliot-Curie Professor of Physics (1984-1985), School of Advanced Studies in Physics and Chemistry (École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie), Paris (France).
1985Member, French Academy of Sciences (Académie des sciences).
1985 – 1991Participated in experiments, Fermilab, Ba